Short-term treatment with rosiglitazone improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the development of glucose intolerance (post-transplant diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance) following renal transplantation. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction (ED) is associated with IR. Glucose intolerance, IR and ED are all independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, treatment with insulin sensitizers may benefit glucose-intolerant renal transplant recipients. The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of 4 weeks' treatment with the PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose and endothelial function in renal transplant recipients with glucose intolerance. Safety parameters were also addressed. METHODS A total of 10 glucose-intolerant renal transplant recipients were treated with rosiglitazone (initially 4 mg/day increasing to 8 mg/day after 1 week). A hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp, an oral glucose tolerance test and endothelial function assessment with laser Doppler flowmetry were performed both at baseline and at follow-up. RESULTS Treatment with rosiglitazone was followed by a significantly improved mean glucose disposal rate (from 6.5 to 9.1 g/kg/min; P = 0.02) and a significant decline in fasting and 2 h plasma glucose (from 6.4 to 5.8 mmol/l, P = 0.01 and from 14.2 to 10.6 mmol/l, P = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, a significant improvement in endothelial function was demonstrated (AUC(ACh); from 389 to 832 AU x min, P = 0.04). No serious adverse events or hypoglycaemic episodes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Four weeks' treatment with rosiglitazone was associated with increased insulin sensitivity, lowered fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and improved endothelial function in renal transplant recipients with glucose intolerance. The drug was well tolerated and may be a good alternative for treating these patients.